Flow of sewage sludge-borne phthalate esters (PAEs) from human release to human intake: Implication for risk assessment of sludge applied to soil

被引：128

作者：

Meng, Xiang-Zhou ^{[1
]}

Wang, Ying ^{[1
]}

Xiang, Nan ^{[1
]}

Chen, Ling ^{[1
]}

Liu, Zhigang ^{[2
]}

Wu, Bing ^{[2
]}

Dai, Xiaohu ^{[2
]}

Zhang, Yun-Hui ^{[3
]}

Xie, Zhiyong ^{[4
]}

Ebinghaus, Ralf ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Tongji Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resources Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China

[2] Tongji Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Urban Pollut Control, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China

[3] Fudan Univ, Minist Educ, Sch Publ Hlth, Key Lab Publ Hlth Safety, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China

[4] Ctr Mat & Coastal Res, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, Dept Environm Chem, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany

来源：

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT | 2014年 / 476卷

基金：

中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

Phthalate esters (PAEs); Sludge; Soil; Human exposure; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; EXPOSURE; BIOSOLIDS; CHINA; FATE; SHANGHAI; REMOVAL; SERUM;

D O I：

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.007

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The wide production and use of phthalate esters (PAEs) in both industry and commercial products lead to their ubiquitous existence in the environment. However, understanding flow and pathway of human exposure to PAEs from sources to receptors is necessary and challenging. In this study, we selected final sewage sludge, an inevitable byproduct of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), as one type of important carrier/sources of PAEs to clarify the flow of PAEs between human and the environment, e.g. the release by human to sludge and in turn ingestion by human after these sludges were disposed as soil amendment. Twenty-five sludge samples were collected from 25 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, East China. Of all 16 PAE congeners, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP) were predominant with mean concentrations of 97.4 and 22.4 mu g/g dw, respectively, both locating at the high end of the global range. WWTP treating industrial waster generally contained higher PAEs compared to those treating domestic wastewater, but no positive relationship was found between PAE levels with the percentage of industrial wastewater. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that similar PAE sources for all WWTPs in Shanghai with three exceptions, in which specific PAE products were made. The annual mass loadings via sludge of DEHP, DnBP, and Sigma(16)PAEs were 31.4, 7.44, and 39.6 tons in Shanghai and 1042, 247, and 1314 tons in China, respectively, only accounting for 0.09% of the total consumption of PAEs in China. If this sludge is applied in soil, human will take 16.4 and 3.8 mu g/kg bw for DEEP and DnBP every day, respectively, via dietary and soil ingestion, which were lower than the toxicological safety parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to analyze the flow of sludge-borne PAEs from human release to human intake. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：242 / 249

页数：8

共 44 条

[31] Degradation of phthalate esters in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant [J].