Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis using enamel matrix derivative, an RCT: 3-and 5-year follow-up

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes 3 and 5years after the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis per se or in combination with an enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Materials and MethodsAt baseline, 29 patients were randomized to surgical treatment with adjunctive EMD or no EMD. One year after the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis, 25 patients remained eligible for survival analyses at the 3- and 5-year follow-up. The primary outcomes were implant loss and bone level (BL) change measured on radiographs, and the secondary outcomes, bleeding on probing, pus and plaque at each implant were analysed in 18 and 14 patients at the 3- and 5-year follow-up, respectively. ResultsAfter exclusion of four patients who discontinued the study, at the 3-year follow-up, 13 (100%) implants survived in the EMD group, and 10 of 12 (83%) in the non-EMD group. At the 5-year follow-up, 11 of 13 (85%) implants in the EMD group and nine of 12 (75%) in the non-EMD group survived. In multivariate modelling, BL changes and EMD treatment were positively associated with implant survival. Similarly, the same trend was seen in univariate analysis. ConclusionsAn exploratory analysis suggests that adjunctive EMD is positively associated with implant survival up to 5 years, but larger studies are needed.