Decolonizing technoscience in northern Scandinavia: the role of scholarship in Sami emancipation and the indigenization of Western science

The historical geography of the sub-arctic homeland of the Sami indigenous people is characterized by its division among four nations across Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula of north-western Russia. The aim of this article is to improve the understanding of Sami contributions to Western scholarship and science by discussing their history and epistemological complexity. The Sami provided many types of knowledge as abused, peaceful subjects of colonial study. However, with time they became learned agents able to appropriate, develop and modify Western scholarship and science. The Sami experience of destructive national school policies motivated political action by articulate Sami leaders at the beginning of the 20th century. Given the growing acknowledgment of Sami socioeconomic interests in Scandinavia since the 1980s, disputes and consensus-building are a continuing part of the Sami's coexistence with the majority society and academia. A specific Sami research agenda and stable Sami academic institutions are crucial for continued Sami contributions to the indigenization of Western scholarship. Nevertheless, given its history and the instrumental character of Western science, it is argued that using science as the norm in any interaction with traditional knowledge is highly problematic. For joint research to benefit from both types of knowledge, the rigid methodology and reductionist worldview of Western science must first be recognized and analyzed in terms of Western science's epistemological dogmas, hegemonic practices and funding peculiarities. Improved insights in the history of science facilitate a critical development of indigenous knowledge combining actively chosen adaptations of science and technoscience with traditional knowledge. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.