Rediscovering the later version of Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Self-transcendence and opportunities for theory, research, and unification

被引：302
作者：
Koltko-Rivera, Mark E.
机构：
[1] Profess Serv Grp Inc, Res Dept, Winter Pk, FL 32790 USA
[2] NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, Winter Pk, FL USA
来源：
REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY | 2006年 / 10卷 / 04期
关键词：
Maslow; motivation; self-transcendence; worldview; terrorism;
D O I：
10.1037/1089-2680.10.4.302
中图分类号：
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号：
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要：
The conventional description of Abraham Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs is inaccurate as a description of Maslow's later thought. Maslow (1969a) amended his model, placing self-transcendence as a motivational step beyond self-actualization. Objections to this reinterpretation are considered. Possible reasons for the persistence of the conventional account are described. Recognizing self-transcendence as part of Maslow's hierarchy has important consequences for theory and research: (a) a more comprehensive understanding of worldviews regarding the meaning of life; (b) broader understanding of the motivational roots of altruism, social progress, and wisdom; (c) a deeper understanding of religious violence; (d) integration of the psychology of religion and spirituality into the mainstream of psychology; and (e) a more muiticulturally integrated approach to psychological theory.
引用
收藏
页码：302 / 317
页数：16
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