ON APPROACHES TO STUDYING THE MAIN STAGES OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF SOVIET RUSSIA FROM AN AGRARIAN TO A CAPITALIZED SOCIETY

The purpose of the article is to consider possible approaches to the study of the largest transformation of Soviet society - its transition from the agrarian to the capitalized stage. The authors review such an important issue as the application of ideas about primitive accu- mulation to the history of Russia. In the course of the historiographic review, they note that the works of E. A. Preobrazhensky, N. I. Pavlenko, B. B. Kafengauz and other researchers considered the issue, but its application to the history of Soviet society was generally rejected. Historian B. G. Mogilnitsky suggested using the ideas of primitive accumulation in the study of the history of Soviet society, which was supported by the authors of the article. The authors draw on sources that characterize the key moments of socioeconomic development of Russia during the Soviet period: calculations of inter-industry balance sheets, statistics of national income, calculation of accumulation rates by economists in the Soviet economy, indicators of financial and credit development, etc. Some of the sources are extracted from statistical collections, and some are from materials stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics and the Russian State Archive of Modem History. The article considers the implementation of the main elements of the primitive accumulation in the late 1920s and 1950s: the withdrawal of means of production from small producers (peasants, artisans, private traders, etc.), the creation of a labor market due to the outflow of population from the village to the city. The sources of accumulation were formed at the expense of state policy that implements a high rate of capital accumulation (up to a third of the national income in some years). The axis of strict state policy was the transfer of funds from agriculture to the industrial sector and high taxation of the population. The article considers the transformation of the most important economic institutions of the Soviet society - financial, price, and monetary. The authors propose to consider a radical change in the ratio of factors of production as an indicator of leaving the agricultural society. When capital begins to play a major role in the production of products, we can assume that the transition to a capitalized society has been overcome. The period of this transition, according to the authors, refers to the late 1950s or early 1960s, In 1960-1980s ended the process of formation capitalised economy was reduced the tax burden on the population, the prices are approaching the cost of production, acted as a modern financial and credit system, there is a proletarianization of the population. However, problems of incomplete capitalization also existed, which brought another round of primitive accumulation that occurred in the 1990s.