Androgen receptor (AR) positive vs negative roles in prostate cancer cell deaths including apoptosis, anoikis, entosis, necrosis and autophagic cell death

被引:99
作者
Wen, Simeng [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Niu, Yuanjie [1 ]
Lee, Soo Ok [2 ,3 ]
Chang, Chawnshang [2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Tianjin Med Univ, Tianjin Inst Urol, Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Res Ctr, Tianjin 300211, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, George Whipple Lab Canc Res, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
[3] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
[4] China Med Univ, Sex Hormone Res Ctr, Taichung 404, Taiwan
关键词
Prostate cancer; Androgen receptor; Apoptosis; Necrosis; Autophagy; Anoikis; Entosis; Cell death; DOWN-REGULATION; DEPRIVATION THERAPY; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MEMBRANE PERMEABILIZATION; STROMAL MICROENVIRONMENT; REGULATES APOPTOSIS; MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; EPITHELIAL-CELL;
D O I
10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.07.008
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays pivotal roles in the prostate development and homeostasis as well as in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with anti-androgens remains as the main treatment for later stage PCa, and it has been shown to effectively suppress PCa growth during the first 12-24 months. However, ADT eventually fails and tumors may re-grow and progress into the castration resistant stage. Recent reports revealed that AR might play complicated and even opposite roles in PCa progression that might depend on cell types and tumor stages. Importantly, AR may influence PCa progression via differential modulation of various cell deaths including apoptosis, anoikis, entosis, necrosis, and autophagic cell deaths. Targeting AR may induce PCa cell apoptosis, autophagic cell deaths and programmed necrosis, yet targeting AR may suppress cell deaths via anoikis and entosis that may potentially lead to increased metastasis. These differential functions of AR in various types of PCa cell death might challenge the current ADT with anti-androgens treatment. Further detailed dissection of molecular mechanisms by which AR modulates different PCa cell deaths will help us to develop a better therapy to battle PCa. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:31 / 40
页数:10
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