Assessing pilots with 'the wrong stuff': A call for research on emotional health factors in commercial aviators

The responsibility that airline pilots have toward the safety of passengers is immense. Airline pilots are likely to be among the most reliable and psychologically problem-free populations. Yet, psychological problems can and do occur among persons who pursue this occupation although the actual extent is unknown. Personality disorders, substance abuse disorders, bipolar disorder, and psychosis are mental health problems that can prevent a person from holding medical certification required in airline flying. No definitive epidemiological studies have been conducted to provide rates of these and other disorders in this important population. Personality and emotional factors have been found to impact job performance; however, most airlines do little in the way of psychological assessment at the initial hiring stage or throughout the pilot's career to detect potential personality problems or emotional disorders. Much is known about the personality and mental health factors that could affect performance of pilots but little of this information has been incorporated in pilot screening programs. This article surveys a number of potential problem areas that can lead to performance decrements. Recommendations with respect to psychological assessment in airline pilot mental health determinations are suggested. Further research to determine the full extent of maladjustment among pilots is recommended.