Phase transitions in the early and present universe

被引：108

作者：

Boyanovsky, D. ^{[1
]}

de Vega, H. J.

Schwarz, D. J.

机构：

[1] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA

[2] Observ Paris, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Mat Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France

[3] Univ Paris 06, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France

[4] Univ Paris 07, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France

[5] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany

来源：

ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE | 2006年 / 56卷

关键词：

cosmology; particle and nuclear physics; phase transitions;

D O I：

10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140539

中图分类号：

O57 [原子核物理学、高能物理学];

学科分类号：

070202 ;

摘要：

The evolution of the universe is the ultimate laboratory for studying fundamental physics across energy-scales that span approximately 25 orders of magnitude. The standard models of cosmology and particle physics provide the basic understanding of the early and present universe and predict a series of phase transitions that occurred in succession during the universe's expansion and cooling history. We survey these phase transitions, highlighting the equilibrium and nonequilibrium effects as well as their observational and cosmological consequences. We discuss the current theoretical and experimental programs studying phase transitions in QCD and nuclear matter in accelerators. A critical assessment of similarities and differences between the conditions in the early universe and those in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is presented. Cosmological observations and accelerator experiments are converging toward an unprecedented understanding of the early and present universe.

引用

页码：441 / 500

页数：64

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