Extrapulmonary Clinical Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients

被引:43
|
作者
Sarkesh, Aila [1 ,2 ]
Sorkhabi, Amin Daei [1 ,2 ]
Sheykhsaran, Elham [1 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Alinezhad, Farbod [1 ,2 ,6 ]
Mohammadzadeh, Nader [6 ,7 ]
Hemmat, Nima [1 ,6 ]
Baghi, Hossein Bannazadeh [1 ,2 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Immunol Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran
[2] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Infect & Trop Dis Res Ctr, POB 5165665931, Tabriz 51664, Iran
[3] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Drug Appl Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran
[4] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Students Res Comm, Tabriz, Iran
[5] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Bacteriol, Tabriz, Iran
[6] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Virol, Tabriz, Iran
[7] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Cent Med Lab East Azerbaijan Prov, Tabriz, Iran
来源
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE | 2020年 / 103卷 / 05期
关键词
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; INFECTION; INVOLVEMENT; EPIDEMIC;
D O I
10.4269/ajtmh.20-0986
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
COVID-19 manifestations in symptomatic patients can be in the form of pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction as well. Renal complications, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, endocrine system disorders, myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmia, neurological dysfunctions, dermatological symptoms, hematological manifestations, and thromboinflammation are among the reported extrapulmonary complications. Moreover, the presence of coagulopathy, excessive and dysregulated immune responses, and autoimmunity by COVID-19 patients is considerable. The pathogenesis of infection entails the entry of the virus via receptors on cells, principally angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. Direct virus damage coupled with indirect effects of viral infection including thromboinflammation, dysfunction of the immune system, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system leads to multiple organ failure. This review outlines the extrapulmonary organ-specific complications and their pathophysiology and epidemiology.
引用
收藏
页码:1783 / 1796
页数:14
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