Cassiopeia A: dust factory revealed via submillimetre polarimetry

被引:88
作者
Dunne, L. [1 ]
Maddox, S. J. [1 ]
Ivison, R. J. [2 ,3 ]
Rudnick, L. [4 ]
DeLaney, T. A. [5 ]
Matthews, B. C. [6 ]
Crowe, C. M. [1 ]
Gomez, H. L. [7 ]
Eales, S. A. [7 ]
Dye, S. [7 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England
[2] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland
[3] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland
[4] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
[5] MIT Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[6] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
[7] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, England
关键词
supernovae: individual: Cassiopeia A; dust; extinction; supernova remnants; submillimetre; SUPERNOVA REMNANT CASSIOPEIA; CLERK-MAXWELL-TELESCOPE; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; FORMING MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RADIATIVE TORQUES; IMAGING POLARIMETER; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; INFRARED-EMISSION;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14453.x
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
If Type II supernovae - the evolutionary end points of short-lived, massive stars - produce a significant quantity of dust (> 0.1 M(circle dot)) then they can explain the rest-frame far-infrared emission seen in galaxies and quasars in the first Gyr of the Universe. Submillimetre (submm) observations of the Galactic supernova remnant, Cas A, provided the first observational evidence for the formation of significant quantities of dust in Type II supernovae. In this paper, we present new data which show that the submm emission from Cas A is polarized at a level significantly higher than that of its synchrotron emission. The orientation is consistent with that of the magnetic field in Cas A, implying that the polarized submm emission is associated with the remnant. No known mechanism would vary the synchrotron polarization in this way and so we attribute the excess polarized submm flux to cold dust within the remnant, providing fresh evidence that cosmic dust can form rapidly. This is supported by the presence of both polarized and unpolarized dust emission in the north of the remnant where there is no contamination from foreground molecular clouds. The inferred dust polarization fraction is unprecedented (f(pol) similar to 30 per cent) which, coupled with the brief time-scale available for grain alignment (< 300 yr), suggests that supernova dust differs from that seen in other Galactic sources (where f(pol) = 2-7 per cent) or that a highly efficient grain alignment process must operate in the environment of a supernova remnant.
引用
收藏
页码:1307 / 1316
页数:10
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