Idle Duration Prediction for Manufacturing System Using a Gaussian Mixture Model Integrated Neural Network for Energy Efficiency Improvement

Manufacturing activities dominate the energy consumption and greenhouse emissions of the industrial sector. With the increasing concerns of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change in recent years, the significance of the performance in terms of sustainability of manufacturing has been gradually recognized by both academia and industry. Various researches have been implemented to analyze, model, and reduce the energy consumption of manufacturing activities toward sustainable manufacturing. In a typical manufacturing system with multiple machines and buffers, the state of a certain machine is not only determined by the machine itself, but also the states of the adjacent machines and buffers. Therefore, machines may be in idle states due to nonincoming part from the upstream section of the manufacturing system or noncapacity to hold the delivered part to the downstream section of the manufacturing system. Those idle machines consume energy without production if there is no appropriate energy control strategy. In this article, we focus on the reduction of the energy waste for those idle machines in a typical multi-machine and multi-buffer manufacturing system. A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) integrated neural network is proposed to predict the duration of the idle periods for the idle machines, during which optimal energy control action can be identified and implemented under the constraint of production throughput of the manufacturing system. A manufacturing system simulator is built to provide the training dataset including the information, such as production throughput, energy consumption, buffer content, and failure rate, to the proposed neural network. A numerical case study for a five-machine-and-four-buffer manufacturing system is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed prediction model in terms of the energy waste reduction for the idle machines. Note to Practitioners-This article proposes a prediction model to forecast the idle duration of the manufacturing machines in a typical multi-machine and multi-buffer manufacturing system. With this predicted result, two concerns in energy control for the idle machine, i.e., throughput protection and energy consumption reduction, can be more accurately modeled in decision-making procedure. Optimal energy control actions under the constraints of throughput maintaining and energy saving can be identified and implemented considering different warmup energy consumption and warmup time of the machines to reduce the energy waste for those machines in idle states without any production and thus, improve the energy efficiency of the entire manufacturing system.