Smart and Green Mobility Management for 5G-enabled Vehicular Networks

With the recent demand of sustainable and green smart cities, we are witnessing a growing research initiative toward the development of efficient energy-aware 5G/Wifi-6 wireless networks. This has led to the development of what is referred to as the Internet of Energy-based technology to support heterogeneous and complex wireless systems such as intelligent vehicular network and smart connected cities as well as efficiently manage their available energy resources. Towards this end, the next generation of 5G/Wifi-6 wireless network technologies shall provide a practical platform to support green Internet of vehicular networks, smart transportation systems, and smart cities. In this context, the management of vehicles' mobility and communication protocol needs to be fully investigated, adapted and reconfigured to better fit the power consumption and the energy resources' limitations of the next generation of intelligent vehicular networks. In this article, we present the latest mobility management protocols designed for 5G-enabled vehicular networks, discuss their efficiency, their design, and their drawbacks. We point out the main characteristics, components, and limitation of mobility management protocols and wireless access. Last, but not least, we discuss several open issues, followed by future research directions toward the design and development of mobility management schemes for the next generation of green 5G and beyond enabled vehicular networks.