Onabotulinum toxin-A (Botox) for spastic equinus in cerebral palsy: a prospective kinematic study

Purpose Botulinum toxin-A (or Botox) is widely used for the management of equinus gait in children with cerebral palsy but few recent studies have included instrumented gait analysis. Methods This was a prospective cohort study. Gait analysis was performed four weeks before and four weeks after Botulinum toxin-A injection for spastic equinus to detect the maximum effects on gait kinematics. Outcome measures included the Gait Profile Score (GPS), the Gait Variable Score (GVS) for the ankle, maximal ankle dorsiflexion and maximal knee extension at midstance. Results In all, 37 children participated (20 boys); mean age five years seven months (4 years 1 month to 8 years 2 months); 19 with unilateral and 18 bilateral involvement. At a mean four weeks post-injection, the GPS and ankle GVS were unchanged. However maximum ankle dorsiflexion increased for the whole group; median 7.7 degrees (confidence interval (CI) 4 degrees to 10.6 degrees) to 11.5 degrees (CI 7.7 degrees to 12.9 degrees), p = 0.02. Maximum midstance knee extension was unchanged for the whole group, but median knee flexion increased in children with bilateral involvement; 10.9 degrees (CI 7.4 degrees to 20.8 degrees) to 16.5 degrees (CI 8.4 degrees to 19.7 degrees), p = 0.58. Conclusion Injections of the gastrocsoleus for spastic equinus did not result in objective improvements in overall gait. Improvements in ankle dorsiflexion for children with bilateral involvement may be offset by deterioration at the knee. Level of Evidence II - prospective cohort study, before and after intervention