Effects of chronic sub-lethal nitrite exposure at high water chloride concentration on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758) parr

被引:11
作者
Gutierrez, Xavier A. [1 ]
Kolarevic, Jelena [1 ]
Takle, Harald [1 ]
Baeverfjord, Grete [1 ]
Ytteborg, Elisabeth [1 ]
Terjesen, Bendik Fyhn [1 ]
机构
[1] Nofima, Sjolsengvegen 22, NO-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway
关键词
Atlantic salmon; chloride to nitrite ratio; nitrite toxicity; performance; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENE-EXPRESSION; FRESH-WATER; STRAINS; FISH; TOXICITY; STRESS; GROWTH; OSMOREGULATION; REGULATOR;
D O I
10.1111/are.14226
中图分类号
S9 [水产、渔业];
学科分类号
0908 ;
摘要
The present study examined the protective effects of water chloride (Cl-) towards nitrite toxicity in Atlantic salmon parr during 84-day long nitrite exposure. Effects on growth, histology, blood indices and gene expression were studied at a fixed nominal Cl- concentration of 200 mg/L and at several water nitrite concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, 5 and 10 mg/L NO2--N). The specific growth rate was significantly reduced during the first three weeks at a Cl:NO2--N ratio of 21:1, suggesting the activation of coping mechanisms at the later stages of the experiment. No significant effect of nitrite on gill histology and mortality was found. Nitrite accumulated in plasma; however, a Cl:NO2--N ratio of 104:1 or higher prevented nitrite entry. The concentration of NO2--N in plasma was significantly reduced at the end of the study, supporting the hypothesis of coping mechanisms. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr)-1 showed a significant up-regulation at highest nitrite concentration on day 22, and in three of the highest exposure groups at the end of the experiment. Our findings suggest that a Cl:NO2--N ratio above 104:1 should be maintained through episodes of nitrite accumulation in water during the production of Atlantic salmon parr.
引用
收藏
页码:2687 / 2697
页数:11
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