Induction of Lead-Binding Phytochelatins in Vetiver Grass [Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)]

被引:46
作者
Andra, Syam S. [2 ]
Datta, Rupali [3 ]
Sarkar, Dibyendu [4 ]
Makris, Konstantinos C. [1 ]
Mullens, Conor P. [5 ]
Sahi, Shivendra V. [6 ]
Bach, Stephan B. H. [5 ]
机构
[1] Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Int Inst Environm & Publ Hlth, CY-1105 Nicosia, Cyprus
[2] Univ Texas San Antonio, Environm Geochem Lab, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
[3] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
[4] Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA
[5] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
[6] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA
关键词
GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEAVY-METAL TOLERANCE; INDIAN MUSTARD; CONTAMINATED SOIL; GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MINE TAILINGS; IN-VITRO; ICP-MS;
D O I
10.2134/jeq2008.0316
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Elevated lead (Pb) concentrations in residential houseyards around house walls painted with Pb-based pigments pose serious human health risks, especially to children. Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) has shown promise for use in in situ Pb phytoremediation efforts. However, little is known about the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the observed high Pb tolerance by vetiver. We hypothesized that vetiver exposure to Pb induced the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCn) and the formation of Pb-PCn complexes, alleviating the phytotoxic effects of free Pb ions. Our main objective was to identify PCn and Pb-PCn complexes in root and shoot compartments of vetiver grass using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ES-MS). After 7 d of exposure to Pb, vetiver accumulated up to 3000 mg Pb kg(-1) in shoot tissues, but much higher Pb concentrations were measured in root (similar to 20,000 mg kg(-1)), without phytotoxic symptoms. Scanning electron micrographs showed Pb deposition in the vascular tissues of root and shoot, suggesting Pb translocation to shoot. Collision-induced dissociation analyses in MS/MS mode during HPLC-ES-MS analysis allowed for the confirmation Of four unique PCn (n = 1-4) based on their respective amino acid sequence. The high tolerance of vetiver grass to Pb was attributed to the formation of PC and Pb-PCn complexes within the plant tissues, using ES-MS and Pb mass isotopic patterns. These data illustrate the mechanism of high Pb tolerance by vetiver grass, suggesting its potential usefulness for the remediation of Pb-contaminated residential sites.
引用
收藏
页码:868 / 877
页数:10
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