Principle and Reconstruction Algorithm for Atomic-Resolution Holography

Atomic-resolution holography makes it possible to obtain the three-dimensional (3D) structure around a target atomic site Translational symmetry of the atomic arrangement of the sample is not necessary, and the 3D atomic image can be measured when the local structure of the target atomic site is oriented Therefore, 3D local atomic structures such as dopants and adsorbates are observable Here, the atomic-resolution holography comprising photoelectron holography, X-ray fluorescence holography, neutron holography, and then inverse modes are treated. Although the measurement methods are different, they can be handled with a unified theory The algorithm for reconstructing 3D atomic images from holograms plays an important role Although Fourier transform-based methods have been proposed, they require the multiple-energy holograms In addition, they cannot be directly applied to photoelectron holography because of the phase shift problem We have developed methods based on the fitting method for reconstructing from single-energy and photoelectron holograms The developed methods are applicable to all types ol atomic-resolution holography.