Measurements of resonant scattering in the Perseus Cluster core with Hitomi SXS

被引:49
作者
Aharonian, Felix [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Akamatsu, Hiroki [4 ]
Akimoto, Fumie [5 ]
Allen, Steven W. [6 ,7 ,8 ]
Angelini, Lorella [9 ]
Audard, Marc [10 ]
Awaki, Hisamitsu [11 ]
Axelsson, Magnus [12 ,13 ]
Bamba, Aya [14 ,15 ]
Bautz, Marshall W. [16 ]
Blandford, Roger [6 ,7 ,8 ]
Brenneman, Laura W. [17 ]
Brown, Gregory, V [18 ]
Bulbul, Esra [16 ]
Cackett, Edward M. [19 ]
Chernyakova, Maria [1 ]
Chiao, Meng P. [9 ]
Coppi, Paolo S. [20 ,21 ]
Costantini, Elisa [4 ]
de Plaa, Jelle [4 ]
de Vries, Cor P. [4 ]
den Herder, Jan-Willem [4 ]
Done, Chris [22 ]
Dotani, Tadayasu [23 ]
Ebisawa, Ken [23 ]
Eckart, Megan E. [9 ]
Enoto, Teruaki [24 ,25 ]
Ezoe, Yuichiro [26 ]
Fabian, Andrew C. [27 ]
Ferrigno, Carlo [10 ]
Foster, Adam R. [17 ]
Fujimoto, Ryuichi [28 ]
Fukazawa, Yasushi [29 ]
Furukawa, Maki [60 ]
Furuzawa, Akihiro [30 ]
Galeazzi, Massimiliano [31 ]
Gallo, Luigi C. [32 ]
Gandhi, Poshak [33 ]
Giustini, Margherita [4 ]
Goldwurm, Andrea [34 ,35 ]
Gu, Liyi [4 ]
Guainazzi, Matteo [36 ]
Haba, Yoshito [37 ]
Hagino, Kouichi [38 ]
Hamaguchi, Kenji [9 ,39 ]
Harrus, Ilana M. [9 ,39 ]
Hatsukade, Isamu [40 ]
Hayashi, Katsuhiro [23 ,41 ]
Hayashi, Takayuki [41 ]
Hayashida, Kiyoshi [42 ]
机构
[1] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland
[2] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
[3] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, I-67100 Laquila, AQ, Italy
[4] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands
[5] Nagoya Univ, Inst Space Earth Environm Res, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan
[6] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[7] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[8] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA
[9] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[10] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Ch Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
[11] Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, 2-5 Bunkyo Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan
[12] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[13] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[14] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
[15] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
[16] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[17] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS-4, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[18] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
[19] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 666 W Hancock St, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
[20] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[21] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[22] Univ Durham, Ctr Extragalact Astron, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[23] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshino Dai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan
[24] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068502, Japan
[25] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
[26] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan
[27] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England
[28] Kanazawa Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Kakuma Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
[29] Hiroshima Univ, Sch Sci, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan
[30] Fujita Hlth Univ, 1-98 Dengakugakubo,Kutsukake Cho, Toyoake, Aichi 4701192, Japan
[31] Univ Miami, Phys Dept, 1320 Campo Sano Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
[32] St Marys Univ, Dept Astron & Phys, 923 Robie St, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
[33] Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England
[34] Lab APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75013 Paris, France
[35] CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[36] European Space Technol Ctr, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands
[37] Aichi Univ Educ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1 Hirosawa,Igaya Cho, Kariya, Aichi 4488543, Japan
[38] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan
[39] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
[40] Univ Miyazaki, Dept Appl Phys & Elect Engn, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan
[41] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan
[42] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 1-1 Machikaneyama Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan
[43] Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 6691337, Japan
[44] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan
[45] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
[46] Meisei Univ, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 1918506, Japan
[47] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
[48] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan
[49] Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Tokyo 1128551, Japan
[50] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 1-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
galaxies: clusters: individual (Perseus Cluster); galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY-LINES; CHARGED HELIUM-LIKE; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; GAS MOTIONS; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; METAL DISTRIBUTION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; CROSS-SECTIONS;
D O I
10.1093/pasj/psx127
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Thanks to its high spectral resolution (similar to 5 eV at 6 keV), the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on board Hitomi enables us to measure the detailed structure of spatially resolved emission lines from highly ionized ions in galaxy clusters for the first time. In this series of papers, using the SXS we have measured the velocities of gas motions, metallicities and the multi-temperature structure of the gas in the core of the Perseus Cluster. Here, we show that when inferring physical properties from line emissivities in systems like Perseus, the resonant scattering effect should be taken into account. In the Hitomi waveband, resonant scattering mostly affects the Fe XXV He alpha line (w)-the strongest line in the spectrum. The flux measured by Hitomi in this line is suppressed by a factor of similar to 1.3 in the inner similar to 30 kpc, compared to predictions for an optically thin plasma; the suppression decreases with the distance from the center. The w line also appears slightly broader than other lines from the same ion. The observed distortions of the w line flux, shape, and distance dependence are all consistent with the expected effect of the resonant scattering in the Perseus core. By measuring the ratio of fluxes in optically thick (w) and thin (Fe XXV forbidden, He beta, Ly alpha) lines, and comparing these ratios with predictions from Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations, the velocities of gas motions have been obtained. The results are consistent with the direct measurements of gas velocities from line broadening described elsewhere in this series, although the systematic and statistical uncertainties remain significant. Further improvements in the predictions of line emissivities in plasma models, and deeper observations with future X-ray missions offering similar or better capabilities to the Hitomi SXS, will enable resonant scattering measurements to provide powerful constraints on the amplitude and anisotropy of cluster gas motions.
引用
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页数:29
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