Nutritional intakes of 1072 French free-living men with and without diagnosed cardiovascular risk factors

Objective: To compare the dietary intakes of free-living people with and without previously diagnosed diet-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes). Design: Cross-sectional survey on cardiovascular risk factors including a three-consecutive-day food record. Setting: Multicentre setting in Lille (northern France), Strasbourg (north-east) and Toulouse (south-west) areas. Subjects: A total of 1072 middle-aged men randomly selected from the general population: group 1 ( 504 men without previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factor), group 2 (377 men with one previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factor) and group 3 (191 men with two or three previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factors). Interventions: None. Results: Total daily energy intake equalled 10731 kJ/day (standard error: 119), 9991 ( 138) and 9737 ( 166) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P<0.0001 for ANOVA comparing the three groups), and daily energy intake without alcohol equalled 9860 ( 115), 9096 (132) and 8654 (159) kJ/day (P<0.0001). The proportion of calories from animal proteins ( in daily energy intake without alcohol) increased from group 1 to 3 (P<0.0001), whereas the proportion from oligosaccharides decreased (P<0.0001). The proportion of calories from alcohol ( in total daily energy intake) increased with the number of risk factors (P<0.0001). These results remained significant after adjustment for confounders. No significant group differences were found in the proportions of energy from polysaccharides, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Conclusions: As compared with subjects without risk factor, significant quantitative and qualitative changes are observed in individuals with diagnosed hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia or diabetes. However, lower consumptions of saturated fats and alcohol are needed.