Simulation-Based Neonatal and Infant Resuscitation Teaching: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Current resuscitation guidelines recommend the use of simulation-based medical education (SBME) as an instructional methodology to improve patient safety and health. We sought to investigate the evidence-base for the effectiveness of SBME for neonatal and pediatric resuscitation training. Method: Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature research of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Clinical Trials). Results: 13 randomized controlled trials with a total of 832 participants were identified. However, due to distinct differences in research objectives and varying outcome assessment a meta-analysis of studies could not be conducted. Eligible trials showed that SBME can enhance trainees' cognitive, technical, and behavioral skills as well as self-confidence. Discussion/Conclusion: Skills acquired in the simulated environment can be integrated in clinical practice, and SBME might also lead to improved patient safety and health. Further research on SBME - especially investigating patient outcomes - is urgently required in order to strengthen these results and to establish a sound evidence-base for the effectiveness of SMBE for neonatal and infant resuscitation training.