Bevacizumab plus erlotinib versus erlotinib alone in Japanese patients with advanced, metastatic, EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NEJ026): overall survival analysis of an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial

Background Bevacizumab is a promising candidate for combination treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (eg, erlotinib), which could improve outcomes for patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We have previously shown in NEJ026, a phase 3 trial, that the combination of bevacizumab plus erlotinib significantly prolonged progression-free survival compared with erlotinib alone in these patients. In further analyses, we aimed to examine the effects of bevacizumab-erlotinib on overall survival, time from enrolment to progressive disease during second-line treatment or death, and quality of life. Methods This open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial (NEJ026) was done in 69 hospitals and medical, community-based centres across Japan. Eligible patients had stage IIIB, stage IV, or postoperative recurrent, EGFR-mutant (exon 19 deletion or exon 21 Leu858Arg point mutation) NSCLC, had not previously received systemic chemotherapy, and were randomly assigned (1:1) by a computer-generated randomisation sequence and minimisation to receive either 150 mg oral erlotinib once daily plus 15 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab once every 21 days, or 150 mg oral erlotinib once daily, until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Randomisation was stratified according to sex, smoking status, EGFR mutation subtype, and clinical disease stage. All participants, investigators, and study personnel (including those assessing outcomes) were unmasked to treatment allocation. We report the secondary outcomes of overall survival and quality of life (the period from enrolment to confirmation of a minimally important difference on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ]-C30), and the exploratory outcome of time from enrolment to progressive disease during second-line treatment or death. Overall survival and the exploratory outcome were analysed in the modified intention-to-treat population, which comprised all randomly assigned patients who received at least one dose of the study drug and had response evaluations. Quality of life was analysed in patients in the modified intention-to-treat population who had completed the quality of life questionnaires. The trial is registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000017069, and the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCTs031180056, and is currently closed. Findings Between June 3, 2015, and Aug 31, 2016, 228 patients were enrolled. 112 patients who received bevacizumab-erlotinib and 112 who received erlotinib only were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. At data cutoff (Nov 30, 2019) and a median follow-up of 39 center dot 2 months (IQR 23 center dot 9-43 center dot 5), the median overall survival was 50 center dot 7 months (95% CI 37 center dot 3-not estimable [NE]) in the bevacizumab-erlotinib group and 46 center dot 2 months (38 center dot 2-NE) in the erlotinib-only group (hazard ratio [HR] 1 center dot 007, 95% CI 0 center dot 681-1 center dot 490; p=0 center dot 97). In analysis of the exploratory outcome, after a median follow-up of 23 center dot 9 months (IQR 14 center dot 2-39 center dot 1), the median time from enrolment to progressive disease during second-line treatment or death was 28 center dot 6 months (95% CI 22 center dot 1-35 center dot 9) in the bevacizumab-erlotinib group and 24 center dot 3 months (20 center dot 4-29 center dot 1) in the erlotinib-only group (HR 0 center dot 773, 95% CI 0 center dot 562-1 center dot 065). The median time between enrolment and confirmation of a minimally important difference on the EORTC QLQ-C30 was 6 center dot 0 months (95% CI 5 center dot 2-11 center dot 3) in the bevacizumab-erlotinib group and 8 center dot 3 months (5 center dot 7-13 center dot 9) in the erlotinib-only group (p=0 center dot 47). Interpretation The addition of bevacizumab to erlotinib did not prolong survival in patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC, but both treatment groups had relatively long survival durations. Why the addition of bevacizumab to erlotinib did not affect overall survival is unclear, but it is possible that the beneficial effects of combination therapy were not seen because overall survival was influenced by treatment regimens used after disease progression. Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.