Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals

被引：2209

作者：

Hughes, Terry P. ^{[1
]}

Kerry, James T. ^{[1
]}

Alvarez-Noriega, Mariana ^{[1
,2
]}

Alvarez-Romero, Jorge G. ^{[1
]}

Anderson, Kristen D. ^{[1
]}

Baird, Andrew H. ^{[1
]}

Babcock, Russell C. ^{[3
]}

Beger, Maria ^{[4
]}

Bellwood, David R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Berkelmans, Ray ^{[5
]}

Bridge, Tom C. ^{[1
,6
]}

Butler, Ian R. ^{[7
]}

Byrne, Maria ^{[8
]}

Cantin, Neal E. ^{[9
]}

Comeau, Steeve ^{[10
,11
]}

Connolly, Sean R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cumming, Graeme S. ^{[1
]}

Dalton, Steven J. ^{[12
]}

Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo ^{[13
,14
]}

Eakin, C. Mark ^{[15
]}

Figueira, Will F. ^{[16
]}

Gilmour, James P. ^{[17
]}

Harrison, Hugo B. ^{[1
]}

Heron, Scott F. ^{[15
,18
,19
]}

Hoey, Andrew S. ^{[1
]}

Hobbs, Jean-Paul A. ^{[20
]}

Hoogenboom, Mia O. ^{[1
,2
]}

Kennedy, Emma V. ^{[13
,14
]}

Kuo, Chao-yang ^{[1
]}

Lough, Janice M. ^{[1
,9
]}

Lowe, Ryan J. ^{[10
,11
]}

Liu, Gang ^{[15
,18
]}

Cculloch, Malcolm T. M. ^{[10
,11
]}

Malcolm, Hamish A. ^{[12
]}

Mcwilliam, Michael J. ^{[1
]}

Pandolfi, John M. ^{[7
]}

Pears, Rachel J. ^{[21
]}

Pratchett, Morgan S. ^{[1
]}

Schoepf, Verena ^{[10
,11
]}

Simpson, Tristan ^{[22
]}

Skirving, William J. ^{[15
,18
]}

Sommer, Brigitte ^{[7
]}

Torda, Gergely ^{[1
,9
]}

Wachenfeld, David R. ^{[21
]}

Willis, Bette L. ^{[1
,2
]}

Wilson, Shaun K. ^{[23
]}

机构：

[1] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia

[2] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia

[3] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia

[4] Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[5] 24 Hanwood Court, Gilston, Qld 4211, Australia

[6] Queensland Museum, 70-102 Flinders St, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia

[7] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia

[8] Univ Sydney, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

[9] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia

[10] Univ Western Australia, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

[11] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

[12] Fisheries Res, Dept Primary Ind, POB 4291, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia

[13] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia

[14] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia

[15] US NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA

[16] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

[17] Univ Western Australia, Indian Oceans Marine Res Ctr, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

[18] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA

[19] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia

[20] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia

[21] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, POB 1379, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia

[22] Torres Strait Reg Author, POB 261, Thursday Isl, Qld 4875, Australia

[23] Dept Parks & Wildlife, Perth, WA 6151, Australia

来源：

NATURE | 2017年 / 543卷 / 7645期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;

关键词：

GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECOVERY; RESILIENCE; MORTALITY; IMPACTS; TRENDS; SPACE;

D O I：

10.1038/nature21707

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

During 2015-2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs.

引用

页码：373 / +

页数：13

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