Impact of heat source on combined convection flow inside wavy-walled cavity filled with nanofluids via heatline concept

The appearance of a heat source at the bottom of a cavity against the cold part at the top wavy surface is examined in this work. The heat transportation, velocity of the fluid, and the temperature behaviour toward the mixed convection of nanofluids are obtained from the simulation of the Galerkin finite element technique and the Navier-Stokes equations. The other surfaces are considered adiabatic as well as both sides of the lid-driven cavity. It should be noted that the Grashof number, the volume fraction of alumina-nanoparticles, and the differentially-moving vertical walls are fixed at 10(5), 0.02, the upward (right) and downward (left), respectively. To verify the computational code of derivation, the experimental and theoretical data from other researchers are compared. The results of the non-primitive variables, including the Richardson number, Reynolds number, number of undulations, dimensionless length, and the location of the heat source are compared. The numerical results indicate that larger values of the Richardson number and the Reynolds number enhance the rate of heat transfer. Not only two waves appear at the upper surface, but the heat source located at the centre with optimum height causes the entire cavity to have maximum heat transfer performance. The current problem is solved to benefit the installation of microelectronic cooling of a water-to-air heat exchanger or a pin-fin MHS heat transfer media. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.