The Properties of Water in the Pressure-Temperature Landscape

Water represents the major component of most food systems. During thermal or high-pressure processing, physical and chemical properties of water are changed. The p-T diagram represents an obvious presentation of isoproperty lines and their pressure and temperature dependencies. In this work, 15 different properties of pure water are shown as isoproperty lines in the pressure-temperature landscape. By using functional relationships from the "International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam" and databases from the "National Institute of Standards and Technology," highest accuracy is guaranteed. Applying the generated graphs, a compact overview is given and a wide range of thermal and high-pressure processes can easily be compared. The different pressure and temperature dependencies of all properties showed the complexity of medium conditions during thermal and high-pressure processing. An extended understanding of pressure-temperature dependencies will improve process concepts as well as industrial applications at high temperature and high isostatic pressure.