Plerixafor mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors to support further high-dose chemotherapy cycles in a patient with germ-cell tumor relapsing after previous tandem high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation: report of a case

Salvage high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation represents a curative treatment option for patients with relapsed/refractory germ-cell tumors (GCTs). However, an appreciable proportion of these fail to mobilize adequate numbers of hematopoietic progenitors; thus, plerixafor is applied for that purpose. Limited data exist on remobilization of HSCs after previous autografting. Here, we report a unique case that had undergone successful previous tandem HDC for relapsed GCT, and 1 year later required remobilization of HSCs to support two further cycles of HDC after subsequent multiple relapses and refractoriness requiring various salvage regimens. Plerixafor in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor showed its efficacy in mobilizing 6x10(6) CD34+/kg HSCs able to rescue two HDC cycles of carboplatin-etoposide, leading to stable hematopoietic engraftment. Plerixafor showed its potency to mobilize adequate numbers of HSCs in a patient with relapsed/refractory GCT after previous tandem HDC and autografting. The case is discussed in the context of HSC mobilization in patients who have undergone previous HDC and autografting and are deemed to have poor hematopoietic reserves, and a detailed literature review of this topic is provided. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.