Estimates of life expectancy by adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease

OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine what adolescents and young adults with moderate to complex congenital heart disease (CHD) believe their life span to be and to examine correlates of their beliefs. BACKGROUND Patients with moderate to complex CHD have a shortened life expectancy. Patients' perceptions of their life expectancy have not been examined. METHODS Young adults and older adolescents with moderate or complex CHD (n = 296) estimated their own life expectancy and that of healthy peers, and rated their health status and risk of CHD complications. Adults with CHD discussed reasons for life expectancy ratings in an interview. RESULTS Patients with CHD expected to live to age 75 +/- 11 years, only 4 years less than their healthy peers. Over 85% of patients expected to live longer than our estimates of their life expectancy. Poorer health status and higher perceived risk of CHD complications related to shorter perceived life expectancy. Young adults lacked awareness and understanding of CHD-specific risks, and their fife expectancy perceptions often related to risk factors for coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS Patients with moderate to complex CHD expect to live almost as long as their healthy peers. For most patients, this is unlikely. The implications of these beliefs on health behaviors and life choices are unknown, but should be examined. Nevertheless, patients need accurate information delivered in a sensitive manner to make informed life choices regarding education, careers, and family.