Global occurrence, chemical properties, and ecological impacts of e-wastes (IUPAC Technical Report)

被引：53

作者：

Purchase, Diane ^{[1
]}

Abbasi, Golnoush ^{[2
]}

Bisschop, Lieselot ^{[3
,4
]}

Chatterjee, Debashish ^{[5
]}

Ekberg, Christian ^{[6
]}

Ermolin, Mikhail ^{[7
]}

Fedotov, Petr ^{[8
]}

Garelick, Hemda ^{[1
]}

Isimekhai, Khadijah ^{[9
]}

Kandile, Nadia G. ^{[10
]}

Lundstrom, Mari ^{[11
]}

Matharu, Avtar ^{[12
]}

Miller, Bradley W. ^{[13
]}

Pineda, Antonio ^{[14
]}

Popoola, Oluseun E. ^{[15
]}

Retegan, Teodora ^{[6
]}

Ruedel, Heinz ^{[16
]}

Serpe, Angela ^{[17
,18
,19
]}

Sheva, Yehuda ^{[20
]}

Surati, Kiran R. ^{[21
]}

Walsh, Fiona ^{[22
]}

Wilson, Benjamin P. ^{[11
]}

Wong, Ming Hung ^{[23
,24
,25
]}

机构：

[1] Middlesex Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Nat Sci, London NW4 4BT, England

[2] NILU, POB 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway

[3] Erasmus Univ, Erasmus Initiat Dynam Inclus Prosper, POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands

[4] Erasmus Univ, Erasmus Sch Law, POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands

[5] Univ Kalyani, Fac Analyt Chem, Kalyani 741235, W Bengal, India

[6] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Nucl Chem & Ind Mat Recycling, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden

[7] Natl Univ Sci & Technol MISiS, 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119049, Russia

[8] Russian Acad Sci, VI Vernadsky Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, 19 Kosygin St, Moscow 119991, Russia

[9] Ateda Ventures Ltd, PP Box 13394, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria

[10] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Women, Dept Chem, Cairo 11757, Egypt

[11] Aalto Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Dept Chem & Met Engn CMET, POB 16200, Aalto, Finland

[12] Univ York, Green Chem Ctr Excellence, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England

[13] 9681 S Johnson St, Littleton, CO USA

[14] Univ Cordoba, Dept Quirn Organ, Edif Marie Curie C-3,Ctra Nnal 4a,Km 396, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain

[15] Yaba Coll Technol, Dept Chem Sci, Lagos, Nigeria

[16] Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol Fraunhofer I, Dept Environm Specimen Bank & Elemental Anal, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany

[17] Univ Cagliari, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Architecture DICAAR, Via Marengo 2, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy

[18] Univ Cagliari, INSTM Unit, Via Marengo 2, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy

[19] Natl Res Council IGAG CNR, Environm Geol & Geoengn Inst, Via Marengo 2, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy

[20] TAHAL Consulting Eng Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel

[21] Sardar Patel Univ, Dept Chem, Anand 388120, Gujarat, India

[22] Maynooth Univ, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland

[23] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Soil & Groundwater Pollut, Shenzhen, Peoples R China

[24] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, State Environm Protect Key Lab Integrated Surface, Shenzhen, Peoples R China

[25] Educ Univ Hong Kong, Consortium Hlth Environm Educ & Res Cheer, Dept Sci & Environm Studies, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

来源：

PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY | 2020年 / 92卷 / 11期

关键词：

chemical composition; ecological assessment; environmental impacts; e-waste; recycling; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT WEEE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; DIOXIN-RELATED COMPOUNDS; HEALTH-RISK ASSESSMENT; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; RECYCLING SITE;

D O I：

10.1515/pac-2019-0502

中图分类号：

O6 [化学];

学科分类号：

0703 ;

摘要：

The waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment grows exponentially, creating a worldwide pollution and resource problem. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) comprises a heterogeneous mix of glass, plastics (including flame retardants and other additives), metals (including rare Earth elements), and metalloids. The e-waste issue is complex and multi-faceted. In examining the different aspects of e-waste, informal recycling in developing countries has been identified as a primary concern, due to widespread illegal shipments; weak environmental, as well as health and safety, regulations; lack of technology; and inadequate waste treatment structure. For example, Nigeria, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and China have all been identified as hotspots for the disposal of e-waste. This article presents a critical examination on the chemical nature of e-waste and the resulting environmental impacts on, for example, microbial biodiversity, flora, and fauna in e-waste recycling sites around the world. It highlights the different types of risk assessment approaches required when evaluating the ecological impact of e-waste. Additionally, it presents examples of chemistry playing a role in potential solutions. The information presented here will be informative to relevant stakeholders seeking to devise integrated management strategies to tackle this global environmental concern.

引用

页码：1733 / 1767

页数：35

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