Smaller is better-but not too small: A physical scale for the design of the mammalian pulmonary acinus

被引:157
作者
Sapoval, B [1 ]
Filoche, M
Weibel, ER
机构
[1] Ecole Polytech, Phys Mat Condensee Lab, CNRS, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
[2] Ecole Normale Super, Ctr Math & Leurs APplicat, F-94243 Cachan, France
[3] Univ Bern, Dept Anat, CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland
关键词
D O I
10.1073/pnas.122352499
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The transfer of oxygen from air to blood in the lung involves three processes: ventilation through the airways, diffusion of oxygen in the air phase to the alveolar surface, and finally diffusion through tissue into the capillary blood. The latter two steps occur in the acinus, where the alveolar gas-exchange surface is arranged along the last few generations of airway branching. For the acinus to work efficiently, oxygen must reach the last branches of acinar airways, even though some of it is absorbed along the way. This "screening effect" is governed by the relative values of physical factors like diffusivity and permeability as well as size and design of the acinus. Physics predicts that efficient acini should be space-filling surfaces and should not be too large. It is shown that the mammalian acini fulfill these requirements, small mammals being more efficient than large ones both at rest and in exercise.
引用
收藏
页码:10411 / 10416
页数:6
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