Gender- and Age-Specific Risk Factors for Wheeze from Birth Through Adolescence

Background and Objective: Cross-sectional gender differences in wheeze are well documented, but few studies have examined the gender-specific risk factors for wheeze longitudinally. This study aims to identify gender-and age-specific risk factors for wheeze from birth through adolescence. Methods: The incidence of wheeze was ascertained every 6 months through age 14 years in a birth cohort consisting of 499 children with a parental history of atopy. Gender-and age-specific risk factors were identified through generalized estimating equations. Results: A total of 454 (91.0%) and 351 (70.3%) children were followed past age 7 and 13 years, respectively. Maternal asthma was a risk factor for wheeze in girls (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.44-2.91, P < 0.0001) and boys (OR = 1.79, 1.29-2.48, P = 0.0004) and had a similar effect on wheeze throughout the ages. Paternal asthma (OR = 1.83, 1.38-2.57, P = 0.0005) and infant bronchiolitis (OR = 2.15, 1.47-3.14, P < 0.0001) were risk factors for boys only, with similar effects throughout the ages. Conclusion: Using a prospective cohort, we identified gender-and age-specific risk factors for wheeze. The identification of gender-specific early life risk factors may allow for timely interventions and a more personalized approach to the treatment of asthma. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.