Jane Austen is celebrated for her wit and wittiness. She famously defended novels in Northanger Abbey, for example, on the basis that they display 'the liveliest effusions of wit'. Critics have long been occupied with detailing the implications of Austen's wit, but without due attention to Austen's own explicit deployment of the word within her writing. Offering a re-evaluation of Austen's use of 'wit', this article provides a much-needed examination of how the term is implemented by Austen in her fiction (from her juvenilia, and through her six major novels), contextualises wit's meaning through its seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth-century senses, and reveals that 'wit' did not necessarily have the positive connotations often presumed in modern suppositions. It transpires that, seemingly paradoxically, Austen routinely adopts the label 'wit' ironically to expose an absence of true wit, whilst concurrently avoiding the application of the word in moments displaying true wit. This article argues for the need to understand the crucial distinction between wit and true wit in Austen's fiction.
