The Unbearable Heaviness of Memory Nanjing to Tao Baojin and His Descendants

Unlike other studies of the Nanjing Massacre, this article tells the story of Tao Baojin (1875-1948), president of the Nanjing Red Swastika Society during the Japanese occupation. Although Tao collaborated, willynilly, with the Japanese Army, he also did his best to assist Nanjing's civilians and refugees. Compared with many publications that have worked on the public memory of this tragic event, the author here intends instead to focus on individual memory and discusses such complex issues as good and evil, reputation and moral fiber, and crime and punishment.