Beneficial Extracardiac Effects of Cardiovascular Medications

被引:3
作者
Butt, Asra K. [1 ]
Patel, Jay [2 ]
Shirwany, Hamid [3 ]
Mirza, Qasim [4 ]
Hoover, Jonathan [5 ]
Khouzam, Rami N. [6 ]
机构
[1] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 1030 Jefferson Ave, Memphis, TN 38104 USA
[2] Univ Tennessee, Dept Internal Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
[3] Univ Tennessee, Coll Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
[4] Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
[5] Univ Tennessee, Dept Pharm, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
[6] Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
关键词
Pharmacotherapy; cardiovascular disease; medications; side effects; extracardiovascular; beneficial effects; CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS; ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; ALTITUDE PULMONARY-EDEMA; THIAZIDE-INDUCED HYPOCALCIURIA; RAYNAUDS-PHENOMENON RESISTANT; LEFT-VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE 5; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL;
D O I
10.2174/1573403X17666211015145132
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death worldwide, with cardiovascular medications being amongst the most common medications prescribed. These medications have diverse effects on the heart, vascular system, as well as other tissues and organ systems. The extra cardiovascular effects have been found to be of use in the treatment of non-cardiovascular diseases and pathologies. Minoxidil is used to manage systemic hypertension with its well-known side effect of hirsutism used to treat alopecia and baldness. Sildenafil was originally investigated as a treatment option for systemic hypertension; however, its side effect of penile erection led to it being widely used for erectile dysfunction. Alpha-1 blockers such as terazosin are indicated to treat systemic hypertension but are more commonly used for benign prostatic hyperplasia and post-traumatic stress disorder. Beta blockers are the mainstay treatment for congestive heart failure and systemic hypertension but have been found useful to help in patients with intention tremors as well as prophylaxis of migraines. Similarly, calcium channel blockers are indicated in medical expulsion therapy for ureteric calculi in addition to their cardiovascular indications. Thiazides are commonly used for treating systemic hypertension and as diuretics. Thiazides can cause hypocalciuria and hypercalcemia. This side effect has led to thiazides being used to treat idiopathic hypercalciuria and associated nephrolithiasis. Spironolactone is commonly utilized in treating heart failure and as a diuretic for edema. It's well described anti-androgen side effects have been used for acne vulgaris and hirsutism in polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article discusses how the various extracardiovascular effects of commonly used cardiovascular medications are put to use in managing non-cardiovascular conditions.
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页码:47 / 63
页数:17
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