Children's reasoning about norms and traits as motives for behavior

被引:97
作者
Kalish, CW [1 ]
Shiverick, SM [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Educ Psychol, Madison, WI 53706 USA
关键词
social cognition; theory of mind; norms; traits;
D O I
10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.05.004
中图分类号
B844 [发展心理学(人类心理学)];
学科分类号
040202 ;
摘要
Two important sources of information for social judgments are personality dispositions (traits) and social norms. Existing research suggests that young children do not find traits salient. To what extent might they rely on a different source of information? Two experiments explored how information about preferences (what someone likes) and rules (what is allowed or forbidden) affected social judgments. Five-year-olds predicted people's future behavior would be consistent with rules, but appeared insensitive to information about preferences. Preferences were better predictors than rules for 8-year-olds. Older children and adults consistently judged that actors would want to, and be happy to, satisfy preferences rather than rules. Younger children were more likely to use rules to infer people's psychological states. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that deontic relations, such as rules and norms play a central role in young children's social cognition, with ideas of individual psychological dispositions emerging in middle childhood. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:401 / 416
页数:16
相关论文
共 31 条
[1]   DISCOUNTING IN PRESCHOOLERS - EFFECT OF TYPE OF REWARD AGENT [J].
ALOISE, PA ;
MILLER, PH .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY, 1991, 52 (01) :70-86
[2]   TRAIT CONFIRMATION AND DISCONFIRMATION - THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTRIBUTION BIASES [J].
ALOISE, PA .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY, 1993, 55 (02) :177-193
[3]  
[Anonymous], 1995, PERSPECTIVES THINKIN
[4]   Preschoolers' ability to make dispositional predictions within and across domains [J].
Cain, KM ;
Heyman, GD ;
Walker, ME .
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, 1997, 6 (01) :53-75
[5]   Identification of phorbol myristate acetate stimulated kinase in Zea mays [J].
Chandok, MR ;
Sopory, SK .
JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 1996, 5 (01) :7-11
[6]   The emergence of inferential rules - The use of pragmatic reasoning schemas by preschoolers [J].
Chao, SJ ;
Cheng, PW .
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, 2000, 15 (01) :39-62
[7]   EFFECTS OF CHOICE AND SOURCE OF CONSTRAINT ON CHILDRENS ATTRIBUTIONS OF PREFERENCE [J].
COSTANZO, PR ;
GRUMET, JF ;
BREHM, SS .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1974, 10 (04) :352-364
[8]  
CUMMINS J, 1996, MULTICULTURAL ED, V3, P4
[9]   ORIENTATIONS TO INSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY IN ADOLESCENCE [J].
EMLER, N ;
REICHER, S .
JOURNAL OF MORAL EDUCATION, 1987, 16 (02) :108-116
[10]   Carrot-eaters and creature-believers: The effects of lexicalization on children's inferences about social categories [J].
Gelman, SA ;
Heyman, GD .
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 1999, 10 (06) :489-493