Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysm with Celiac Axis Stenosis

Background: Splanchnic artery aneurysms are relatively rare diseases. Pancreaticoduodenal arterial (PDA) aneurysms are especially uncommon and account for approximately 2% of all visceral aneurysms. However, rupture of a PDA aneurysm often results in fatal consequences. Intervention therapy has evolved as a mainstream method because of its low risk and rapid recovery. Previous studies have demonstrated that PDA aneurysms are often associated with occlusion or stenosis of the celiac artery, but management of the celiac artery lesion remains controversial. Here, we report a case of PDA aneurysm concurrent with celiac axis stenosis (CAS) that has been successfully treated by embolization of the PDA aneurysm and subsequent stenting of the celiac artery. Case presentation: A 50-year-old man complaining of epigastric pain for 15 hours was admitted to our emergency department. Blood tests revealed low hemoglobin, and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a retroperitoneal hematoma. To determine the source of bleeding, celiac arteriography was performed immediately. Celiac truck stenosis was observed, and a PDA ruptured aneurysm was diagnosed. The outflow, aneurysm sac, and inflow of the aneurysm were embolized. The patient was discharged on the sixth day postoperatively. Unfortunately, the patient returned to our department 2 weeks later complaining of nausea and vomiting for 2 days. The abdominal CT scan showed no recurrent bleeding. Celiac artery stenting was performed, and the symptoms were significantly relieved. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the CT scan follow-up at 24 months showed patency of the celiac artery stent and total occlusion of the PDA. Conclusions: PDA aneurysms associated with celiac stenosis are relatively rare. Once the PDA aneurysm ruptures, endovascular treatment is the first choice. The necessity for revascularization of the celiac axis remains controversial. If the patient develops gastric ischemia symptoms after initial treatment, proceeding to CAS treatment is necessary.