Interaction of the scorpion toxin discrepin with Kv4.3 channels and A-type K+ channels in cerebellum granular cells

Background: The peptide discrepin from the alpha-KTx15 subfamily of scorpion toxins preferentially affects transient A-type potassium currents, which regulate many aspects of neuronal function in the central nervous system. However, the specific Kv channel targeted by discrepin and the molecular mechanism of interaction are still unknown. Methods: Different variant peptides of discrepin were chemically synthesized and their effects were studied using patch clamp technique on rat cerebellum granular cells (CGC) and HEK cells transiently expressing Kv4.3 channels. Results: Functional analysis indicated that nanomolar concentrations of native discrepin blocked Kv4.3 expressed channels, as previously observed in CGC. Similarly, the apparent affinities of all mutated peptides for Kv4.3 expressed channels were analogous to those found in CGC. In particular, in the double variant [V6K, D20K] the apparent affinity increased about 10-fold, whereas in variants carrying a deletion (Delta K13) or substitution (K13A) at position K13, the blockage was removed and the apparent affinity decreased more than 20-fold. Conclusion: These results indicate that Kv4.3 is likely the target of discrepin and highlight the importance of the basic residue K13, located in the alpha-helix of the toxin, for current blockage. General significance: We report the first example of a Kv4 subfamily potassium channel blocked by discrepin and identify the amino acid residues responsible for the blockage. The availability of discrepin variant peptides stimulates further research on the functions and pharmacology of neuronal Kv4 channels and on their possible roles in neurodegenerative disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.