Green start-up finance - where do particular challenges lie?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed some new light on the entrepreneurial finance of green start-ups, for which there has been little quantitative empirical evidence thus far. It explores what challenges green start-ups might experience when it comes to financial access. Design/methodology/approach The paper includes a survey of start-ups in Finland, Germany and Sweden and the separate evaluation of the greenness of participating companies' product/service portfolios based on Eurostat's Environmental Goods and Service Sector classification. A logistic regression is carried out for different company phases for two measures of challenges (difficulty accessing finance and rejection by investor/funder). Findings Green start-ups as an overall group cannot be said to have more challenges in access to finance. Particularly, a lack in business education and a high level of innovativeness, however, seem to be lead to more challenges for green start-ups in accessing finance compared to other start-ups. Research limitations/implications Further research might seek to identify which exact characteristics of innovative green start-ups lead to challenges in financial access, i.e. is it individual factors such as high risk levels, high investment sums, long development periods or a low return prospect - or is it rather a combination? It might, furthermore, be rewarding to investigate whether interventions of business-related training might reduce challenges. Social implications Suggestions are made for improved policy support to sustainable entrepreneurship in the case of green start-ups. Originality/value This research paper provides quantitative empirical analysis in a new research area, which has previously been predominantly theory based with some anecdotal observations as well as some early qualitative research.