Carbamazepine and its metabolites in wastewater: Analytical pitfalls and occurrence in Germany and Portugal

被引：196

作者：

Bahlmann, Arnold ^{[1
]}

Brack, Werner ^{[1
]}

Schneider, Rudolf J. ^{[2
]}

Krauss, Martin ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Effect Directed Anal, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany

[2] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

来源：

WATER RESEARCH | 2014年 / 57卷

关键词：

Carbamazepine; Hydroxycarbamazepine; Metabolite; Wastewater; Pharmaceutical; LC-MS/MS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHARMACEUTICALS; SURFACE; 10,11-EPOXIDE; ESTROGENS; BEHAVIOR; URINE; FATE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.022

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The occurrence of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolites in German and Portuguese wastewater was investigated. A total of 46 samples from influent and effluent wastewater were analyzed by liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry. The five metabolites 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-CBZ (DiOH-CBZ), 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-CBZ (10-OH-CBZ), 10,11-epoxy-10,11-dihydro-CBZ, 2-hydroxy-CBZ and 3-hydroxy-CBZ were very persistent with little to no removal during wastewater treatment. The highest concentrations were found for CBZ, DiOH-CBZ, and 10-OH-CBZ, with up to 5.0, 4.8 and 1.1 mu g/L, respectively. Furthermore, the related pharmaceutical oxcarbazepine and the metabolites 9-hydroxymethy1-10-carbamoylacridan, 1-hydroxy-CBZ (1-OH-CBZ) and 4-hydroxy-CBZ (4OH-CBZ) were detected. Explicit care was taken to achieve a good chromatographic separation of the numerous isomers that were difficult to distinguish by mass spectrometry alone. A phenylether stationary phase provided the best separation. In combination with high resolution mass spectrometry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange, this LC column enabled us to identify 1-OH-CBZ and 4-OH-CBZ in wastewater for the first time. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：104 / 114

页数：11

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