Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality for Learning: An Examination Using an Extended Technology Acceptance Model

As the educational possibilities of AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality) are getting more attention, understanding teachers' readiness to integrate new technologies for instruction would help researchers and practitioners to plan how to support them. In this regard, the present study explores teachers' willingness to integrate AR and VR technologies for teaching and learning practices. Employing an extended Technology Acceptance Model (eTAM), this study investigated whether technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK), social norm (SN), and motivational support (MS) for teachers influence teachers' intention to use the technologies. Analysis from 292 in-service teacher responses supported all of the eight hypotheses formulated in the study. TPACK was found to have a significant influence on perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) while SN influenced PU. In addition, MS was found to have an influence on PEU, which ultimately affects attitudes toward technology use (ATU) and then behavioral intention (BI). The results imply the importance of providing technology professional development (PD) and support for teachers to promote the use of AR and VR in classrooms.