The Protective Effects of Curcumin on Organophosphate Insecticide Chlorpyrifos-Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Oncorhynchus mykiss

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and DNA damage in blood of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) and the protective effects of curcumin (CUR) on CPF-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. For this purpose, 0.5% and 1.0% of CUR was administered via the intraperitoneal route for 45 days during exposure to water containing 0.040 mg/L CPF in rainbow trout. We observed a significant decrease in total peroxide (TP), glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), paraoxonase (PON), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels, whereas there was a significant increase in TP level in CPF-exposed rainbow trout (P<0.05). Antioxidants, depending on the dose, had relatively modest to significant effects on CPF-induced oxidative stress. Low doses of CUR also significantly increased serum FRAP levels in rainbow trout exposed to CPF (P<0.05). We observed increased comet assay levels in blood, predominantly in rainbow trout exposed to CPF (P<0.05). The amount of DNA damage induced by CPF exposure was more than that in the control. Overall, this study shows that CUR, depending on the dose, may modify CPF toxicity to a moderate or high degree in rainbow trout.