Prophylactic high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in preterm infants

The role of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for the treatment of respiratory disease in preterm infants remains uncertain. Several randomized trials, comparing HFOV and conventional ventilation (CV) have been performed and their results suggest that HFOV may reduce the incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants. However, the trials have several limitations and it remains unclear whether HFOV might increase intracranial pathology in very prematurely born infants. UKOS, a large, UK-based, multicentre trial was conducted to establish conclusively the role of prophylactic HFOV for the prevention of CLD in infants born prior to 29 wk of gestational age. Conclusion: There is still a need to fully evaluate prophylactic HFOV with particular emphasis on both short and long term respiratory and neurological outcomes.