Cr2+-doped zinc chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers

Transition-metal-doped zinc chalcogenide crystals have recently been investigated as potential mid-infrared lasers. Tetrahedrally coordinated Cr2+ ions are especially attractive as lasants on account of high luminescence quantum yields for emission in the 2000-3000-nm range. Radiative lifetimes and emission cross sections of the upper (5)E state are respectively similar to 10 mu s and similar to 10(-18) cm(2). The associated absorption band peaked at similar to 1800 nm enables laser-diode pumping of the Cr2+ systems. Laser demonstrations with ZnS:Cr and ZnSe:Cr (using a MgF2:Co2+ laser pump source) gave slope efficiencies up to 30%. Excited-state-absorption losses appear small, and passive losses dominate at present, Tuning experiments with a diffraction grating produce a tuning range covering at least 2150-2800 nm. Laser crystals can be produced by Bridgman growth, seeded physical vapor transport, or diffusion doping, Zinc chalcogenide thermomechanical properties of interest for medium-to-high-power operation compare favorably with those of other host materials, except for the larger refractive-index derivative dn/dT.