Sex biases in avian dispersal: A reappraisal

We reviewed the avian literature for quantitative studies of sex biases in dispersal and found continued and strengthened support for the general pattern of female biased dispersal established by Greenwood in 1980. We report sex differences in dispersal patterns in natal and breeding dispersal as measured by 1) proportion leaving and 2) distance moved. Greenwood's review found evidence for male biased dispersal only within four species of the Anatidae. We find there is now evidence for male biased dispersal in twenty-two species representing twelve families.