Infectious keratitis with corneal perforation associated with corneal hydrops and contact lens wear in keratoconus

Background - Corneal perforation is an uncommon complication associated with keratoconus. The first cases of infectious keratitis and corneal perforation associated with corneal hydrops and contact lens wear are reported in two keratoconus patients. Methods - A retrospective chart review and histopathological examination were carried out. Results - Both patients progressed to corneal perforation and emergency penetrating keratoplasty. One patient cultured Fusarium and the second patient Serratia marcesens. Both patients wore contact lenses against medical advice. Conclusions - The tear in Descemet's membrane, stromal oedema, and epithelial bedewing associated with corneal hydrops results in loss of the epithelial-endothelial barrier of the cornea, creating a conduit for infectious organisms through the cornea. Acute hydrops associated with epithelial keratitis, stromal swelling, and a Descemet's membrane tear may be a significant risk factor for infectious keratitis and corneal perforation. Contact lenses should not be worn during an active corneal hydrops owing to the increased risk for severe infectious keratitis and corneal perforation.