Anticancer and Antimigration Effects of a Combinatorial Treatment of 5-Fluorouracil and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei NTU 101 Fermented Skim Milk Extracts on Colorectal Cancer Cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have anticancer and antimetastasis capacities. This study aimed to investigate the chemotherapeutic effects of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented skim milk (NTU101-FM) extracts in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a cellular CRC model. The NTU101-FM extracts effectively reduced CRC cell viability but were not cytotoxic to colon epithelial cells. Moreover, they increased RAW 264.7 cell viability. Notably, the cell viability of CRC cells was decreased by 5-FU in combination with the NTU101-FM extracts; the combinatorial treatment inhibited cell viability significantly more than 5-FU alone (p < 0.05). An ethanol extract of NTU101-FM effectively attenuated CT26 cell migration. In conclusion, the ethanol extract prepared from NTU101-FM has a potential application as an anticancer agent in CRC.