A comprehensive review of green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and their diverse biomedical applications

The recent development in the field of science and technology, immensely nanotechnology has contributed to the diverse applications of metal oxide nanoparticle in various fields of sciences, industries, and research institutes. Among all nanoparticles, especially in metal oxide nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) has attracted close attention due to its multifarious properties and applications in various fields, especially in nanomedicine and biomedical sciences. Copper oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized by different approaches such as chemical, physical, and biological methods. The physicochemical techniques are expensive, release high toxic chemicals to the environment, and consume high energy. In contrast, the biological method is an ecofriendly, cost-effective, reliable, and comfortable and simple way to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles. This review explores the biomediated synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles, their biomedical applications mainly the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and as novel therapeutic agents for combating other diseases.