[1] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, State Key Lab Disaster Reduct Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Western Australia, Sch Civil & Resource Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
[3] Bauhaus Univ Weimar, Inst Struct Mech, D-99423 Weimar, Germany