Analysis of interpolation schemes for image deformation methods in PIV: effect of noise on the accuracy and spatial resolution

As testified by a previous article (Astarita and Cardone in Exp Fluids 38:233-243, 2005), a critical point that can influence significantly the accuracy of image deformation methods (IDM) for particle image velocimetry (PIV) is the interpolation scheme (IS) used in the reconstruction of deformed images. In the cited paper the effect of noise has been neglected and for this reason in this follow-up paper the influence of the IS, in the presence of noise, on both accuracy and spatial resolution is studied. Performance assessment is conducted using synthetic images with particles of Gaussian shape and with constant and sinusoidal displacement fields. Both the local and the top hat moving average approaches are investigated and the modulation transfer function, the total and bias errors have been used to evaluate the performances of IDMs for PIV applications. The results show that, when a high noise level is present in the images, the influence of the IS is less relevant than what was shown by Astarita and Cardone (Exp Fluids 38:233-243, 2005).