Psychotic Experiences in the General Population A Cross-National Analysis Based on 31 261 Respondents From 18 Countries

被引：398

作者：

McGrath, John J. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Saha, Sukanta ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Al-Hamzawi, Ali ^{[4
]}

Alonso, Jordi ^{[5
,6
]}

Bromet, Evelyn J. ^{[7
]}

Bruffaerts, Ronny ^{[8
]}

Caldas-de-Almeida, Jose Miguel ^{[9
,10
]}

Chiu, Wai Tat ^{[11
]}

de Jonge, Peter ^{[12
]}

Fayyad, John ^{[13
]}

Florescu, Silvia ^{[14
]}

Gureje, Oye ^{[15
]}

Maria Haro, Josep ^{[16
]}

Hu, Chiyi ^{[17
,18
]}

Kovess-Masfety, Viviane ^{[19
]}

Lepine, Jean Pierre ^{[20
,21
]}

Lim, Carmen C. W. ^{[22
]}

Medina Mora, Maria Elena ^{[23
]}

Navarro-Mateu, Fernando ^{[24
]}

Ochoa, Susana ^{[16
]}

Sampson, Nancy

Scott, Kate ^{[22
]}

Viana, Maria Carmen ^{[25
]}

Kessler, Ronald C. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Wacol, Australia

[2] Univ Queensland, Discipline Psychiat, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia

[3] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia

[4] Al Qadisiya Univ, Coll Med, Al Diwaniya City, Iraq

[5] Hosp del Mar, Inst Recerca, Hlth Serv Res Unit, Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med, Barcelona, Spain

[6] Ctr Invest Biomed Red CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Pub, Barcelona, Spain

[7] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[8] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Psychiat Ctr, Louvain, Belgium

[9] Univ Nova Lisboa, Chron Dis Res Ctr, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal

[10] Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Mental Hlth, Fac Ciencias Med, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal

[11] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA

[12] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Interdisciplinary Ctr, Psychopathol & Emot Regulat, Groningen, Netherlands

[13] Inst Dev Res Advocacy & Appl Care, Beirut, Lebanon

[14] Natl Sch Publ Hlth Management & Profess Dev, Bucharest, Romania

[15] Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Ibadan, Nigeria

[16] Univ Barcelona, Parc Sanitari St Joan Deu, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain

[17] Shenzhen Insitute Mental Hlth, Shenzhen, Peoples R China

[18] Shenzhen Kanging Hosp, Shenzhen, Peoples R China

[19] Paris Descartes Univ, Ecole Hautes Etud Sante Publ, EA 4057, Paris, France

[20] Univ Paris Diderot, Hop Lariboisiere Fernand Widal, AP HP, Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med,Unite Mixte Rech S 114, Paris, France

[21] Paris Descartes, Paris, France

[22] Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Dunedin Sch Med, Dunedin, New Zealand

[23] Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon Fuente, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[24] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Epidemiol & Salud Publ, Inst Murciano Invest Biosanitaria Virgen Arrixaca, Subdirecc Gen Salud Mental, Serv Murciano Salud, Murcia, Spain

[25] Fed Univ Espirito, Dept Social Med, Vitoria, Brazil

来源：

JAMA PSYCHIATRY | 2015年 / 72卷 / 07期

基金：

英国医学研究理事会;

关键词：

DELUSIONAL-LIKE EXPERIENCES; WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION; ASSOCIATION; SYMPTOMS; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; CONTINUUM; COMMON; METAANALYSIS; ADOLESCENTS;

D O I：

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0575

中图分类号：

R749 [精神病学];

学科分类号：

100205 ;

摘要：

IMPORTANCE Community-based surveys find that many otherwise healthy individuals report histories of hallucinations and delusions. To date, most studies have focused on the overall lifetime prevalence of any of these psychotic experiences (PEs), which might mask important features related to the types and frequencies of PEs. OBJECTIVE To explore detailed epidemiologic information about PEs in a large multinational sample. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We obtained data from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, a coordinated set of community epidemiologic surveys of the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in representative household samples from 18 countries throughout the world, from 2001 through 2009. Respondents included 31 261 adults (18 years and older) who were asked about lifetime and 12-month prevalence and frequency of 6 types of PEs (2 hallucinatory experiences and 4 delusional experiences). We analyzed the data from March 2014 through January 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence, frequency, and correlates of PEs. RESULTS Mean lifetime prevalence (SE) of ever having a PE was 5.8% (0.2%), with hallucinatory experiences (5.2% [0.2%]) much more common than delusional experiences (1.3% [0.1%]). More than two-thirds (72.0%) of respondents with lifetime PEs reported experiencing only 1 type. Psychotic experiences were typically infrequent, with 32.2% of respondents with lifetime PEs reporting only 1 occurrence and 31.8% reporting only 2 to 5 occurrences. We found a significant relationship between having more than 1 type of PE and having more frequent PE episodes (Cochran-Armitage z = -10.0; P < .001). Lifetime prevalence estimates (SEs) were significantly higher among respondents in middle-and high-income countries than among those in low-income countries (7.2% [0.4%], 6.8% [0.3%], and 3.2% [0.3%], respectively;chi(2)(2) range, 7.1-58.2; P < .001 for each) and among women than among men (6.6% [0.2%] vs 5.0% [0.3%]; chi(2)(1) = 16.0; P < .001). We found significant associations with lifetime prevalence of PEs in the multivariate model among nonmarried compared with married respondents (chi(2)(2) = 23.2; P < .001) and among respondents who were not employed (chi(2)(4) = 10.6; P < .001) and who had low family incomes (chi(2)(3) = 16.9; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The epidemiologic features of PEs are more nuanced than previously thought. Research is needed that focuses on similarities and differences in the predictors of the onset, course, and consequences of distinct PEs.

引用

页码：697 / 705

页数：9

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