Mid-term outcomes of the Wagner Cone Prosthesis™ stem for developmental dysplasia of the hip: minimum two year follow-up

Purpose Treatment of symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) requires a technically demanding total hip arthroplasty (THA) reconstruction. In patients with DDH, prostheses can be difficult to implant and often face the risk of fracture, mismatch, and loosening. The Wagner Cone Prosthesis (TM) is a tapered, conical stem which can improve treatment success in this population. We look at midterm survivorship and outcomes of THA for DDH using the Wagner Cone Prosthesis (TM). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 28 patients (33 hips) with DDH undergoing THA using the Wagner Cone Prosthesis (TM) between January 2008 and January 2020. Ten, nine, and fourteen included patients were classified as Hartofilakidis A, B, and C, respectively. Survivorship according to Kaplan-Meier analysis was the primary outcome, with re-operation and revision as endpoints. The Oxford hip score (OHS) was used to assess clinical outcome. We used multivariate analysis to determine predictors of poor outcomes. The average follow-up was 4.6 years, with a minimum of two years. Results Kaplan-Meier survivorship over the 13-year study period was 93.9 +/- 4.2% for all-cause revision as an endpoint and 96.9 +/- 3.1% for stem revisions only. The overall reoperation rate was 6.1%, with periprosthetic fracture and dislocation being reasons for re-operation. No patients were revised for aseptic loosening, and no patients were revised for subsidence. OHS improved from 19.3 +/- 9.6 (4-39) pre-operatively to 37.6 +/- 8.4 (19-48) at latest follow-up (p < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with DDH, THA with the Wagner Cone Prosthesis (TM) demonstrates excellent clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported functional outcomes at midterm follow-up.