Evaluating the performance of object-oriented and data-oriented design with multi-threading in game development

The frame rate of a game is important for both the end-user and the developer, and for a game to be considered playable, the minimum requirement of 60 FPS should be maintained. With respect to the programming design pattern, the current industry standard is to use Object-Oriented Design (OOD). While the demand for efficient game applications is increasing, applications developed using OOD are struggling to efficiently utilize the available computing resources and consequently meet the minimum frame-rate requirements. A design pattern that may be able to cope with the current and future requirements of resource-intensive game applications is the Data-Oriented Design (DOD), which focuses on the efficient CPU memory utilization. The main difference between OOD and DOD is related to the way data is organized and accessed. While DOD is able to efficiently utilize the cache memory, programming using the data-oriented design is perceived as much more complex compared to programming applications using object-oriented design. In this paper, we will first develop a simple game application using both programming design patterns. Thereafter, we evaluate the performance of both implementations with respect to the overall execution time, CPU and memory utilization. Furthermore, we will develop the corresponding multi-threading versions to explore how the memory is utilized when multiple cores access data from shared cache memory. The results of the empirical evaluation show that the code sections that use DOD perform significantly faster than the corresponding parts implemented using OOD for both single-threaded and multi-threaded applications. The maximum observed speedup of 13.25 times demonstrates that games and applications developed using DOD can utilize the available resources more efficiently.