Numerical simulation of fault-slip rockbursts using the distinct element method

Numerical modeling of fault-slip rockbursts remains a great challenge due to the inherent difficulties in the simulation of fault slippage and rock failure under dynamic ground conditions. A sophisticated numerical method based on the distinct element method is proposed to simulate fault-slip rockbursts. The method successfully simulates the generation of a seismic event induced by fault slip. The seismic event generates seismic waves that spread out in a pattern that vibrating in a direction parallel to the fault and moving in the fault normal direction then triggers rockbursts when reaching an opening. Many features associated with seismic waves are produced using the proposed method including the fault growth process, the radiation pattern of the P- and S-waves, and the dissipation of seismic energy. The effect of fault geometry on the characteristic of the seismic event and the triggering of mckbursts is examined. It is found that the magnitude of the seismic event generated by fault slippage is related to the stress field of the fault. Both P and S waves can trigger mckbursts, depending on whether the wave is incident on the tunnel surface at an oblique angle. The seismic waves generated by fault sliding can be successfully blocked by a soft zone. The findings of this study provide useful insight into the source mechanism of mckbursts and the control of the accompanying damage. The proposed method shows promise for simulating earthquakes.